Diseño de formulación de sulfato de cinc 10 mg Zn2+/5 mL solución oral para uso pediátrico / Design of formulation of Zinc sulphate 10 mg Zn2+/5 mL oral solution for pediatric use

INTRODUCCIÓN: el sulfato de cinc en forma de solución se administra por vía oral para uso pediátrico, en la profilaxis y tratamiento de estados carenciales de cinc, por escasos aportes o mala absorción, previa determinación de las concentraciones plasmáticas. En niños se emplea como coadyuvante en el tratamiento de bajo peso y talla. OBJETIVO: diseñar una formulación de sulfato de cinc solución oral 10 mg Zn2+/5 mL para uso pediátrico. MÉTODOS: se presentó el estudio en el tiempo de los parámetros químicos, físicos, microbiológicos y toxicológicos de la formulación seleccionada. Se elaboraron tres lotes pilotos y un lote industrial. La estabilidad química en condiciones aceleradas y de estante fue conducida aplicando un método de valoración complejométrica con EDTA desarrollado en el Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos (CIDEM). RESULTADOS: se obtuvo una formulación líquida incolora y traslúcida libre de partículas extrañas, con sabor dulce. En el ensayo de tolerancia por vía oral en ratas, no se observó toxicidad significativa atribuible a la administración de la formulación a la dosis estudiada. El resto de los parámetros evaluados en el estudio de estabilidad químico-físico de vida de estante mostraron resultados satisfactorios. CONCLUSIONES: la solución resultó ser estable química, física y microbiológicamente, almacenada a temperatura de 32 ± 2 ºC en frascos de vidrio ámbar durante un período de 24 meses. Al comparar los resultados del lote industrial con los lotes pilotos se observa que son similares, lo que demuestra que la tecnología desarrollada es factible de escalar a nivel industrial(AU)

INTRODUCTION: the zinc sulphate solution is orally administered for pediatric purposes, in prophylaxis and treatment of zinc deficiency resulting from inadequate diet or malabsorption. It is also used in children to manage low weight and height. OBJECTIVE: design of a formulation of oral zinc sulphate solution at 10 mg Zn2+/5 mL for pediatric use. METHODS: results of the physical-chemical stability studies, microbiology evaluation and toxicological test were shown for selected formulation. Three pilot scale-up batches and one industrial batch were prepared. The chemical stability under accelerated conditions and shelf-life studies were conducted on the basis of a compleximetric titration with EDTA method developed in the Center of Research and Development of Drugs (CIDEM). RESULTS: a colorless, translucent and sweet liquid formulation, free of foreign matters, was obtained. In the orally administered tolerance test made in rats, no signs of significant toxicity attributable to the administration of the formulation at the study dose were observed. The other parameters evaluated in the physical-chemical stability of the shelf life study proved to be satisfactory. CONCLUSIONS: the solution was chemically, physically and microbiologically stable at a temperature of 32 ± 2 ºC for a 24 month period. When comparing the results of the pilot scale-up batch and those of the industrial batch, they were similar. This showed that the developed technology is feasible at industrial scale(AU)

A Study Comparing the Use of 10% L-Ascorbic Acid and 10% Zinc Sulfate Solution in the Treatment of Melasma

Background Melasma is a hypermelanosis which is difficult to treat. There are several treatment options for melasma and one of them is topical therapy using 10% L-Ascorbic acid and 10% Zinc sulfate. Aim To compare the efficacy and side effects of 8 weeks 10% L-Ascorbic acid solution with 10% Zinc sulfate on melasma. Methods This is an observational study with cross sectional design and single-blind, comparing the left and right side of the faces sequentially (right-left comparison study) with each treatment 10% L-Ascorbic acid and 10% Zinc sulfate applied at night. In the morning and afternoon patients uses sunscreen SPF 30. Only new patients with melasma seen at Dermatology Polyclinic Dr M Djamil Hospital Padang from March 2012 to May 2012 were included in this study. Results 20 melasma patients were studied. Their ages range from 25-54 years. 12 (60%) had combination triggering factors. All patients had epidermal type of melasma with 65% located over the centrofacial and 35% on the malar zones. After 2 months of treatment there was significant improvement of melasma treated with 10% Zinc sulfate and 10% L-Ascorbic acid with a P value of <0.05. Minimal side effects were found with Zinc sulfate. Conclusion Improvement of melasma was noted with both topical 10% L-Ascorbic acid and 10% Zinc sulfate but minimal side effects were noted with the use of 10% Zinc sulfate.

Salt stress tolerance and stress proteins in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.).

Salt stress as a major adverse factor can lower leaf water potential, leading to reduced torgor and some other responses, and ultimately lower crop productivity in arid and semi arid zone. Plant responses to salt stress have much in common. Salt stress reduces the ability of plants to take up water and this quickly causes reductions in growth rate. The initial reduction in shoot growth is probably due to salt effects. If excessive amounts of salt enter into the plant, salt will eventually rise to toxic levels and reduce the photosynthetic leaf area of the plant that cannot sustain growth. In order to understand the processes that give rise to tolerance of salt and to identify the salt stress proteins in the salt stress effect of on plant growth was studied using different salt solutions like Copper sulphate, Cadmium chloride and zinc sulphate with different concentrations like 200μM, 150μM, 100μM.

Molecular interactions and excess thermodynamic properties of mixed solutions of zinc sulphate and zinc nitrate at 303K by ultrasonic method.

The ultrasonic velocity, density and viscosity were measured in aqueous mixtures of zinc sulphate (Heptahydrate) and zinc nitrate (Hexahydrate) at 308 K. Acoustic parameters, such as specific acoustic impedance, free length, isotropic compressibility, molar compressibility, molar sound velocity, free volume, available volume, relaxation time, excess parameters and the deviation from the experimental values has been evaluated. The value of ultrasonic velocity decreases and comes to a minimum and then increases as the mole fraction of zinc nitrate increases in the mixed salt solution. The excess adiabatic compressibility of zinc sulphate and zinc nitrate mixed solution with water was positive at all concentrations, while it is negative at a mole fraction of 0.7945. Variation of these parameters with concentration indicates the non-linear behavior. This non-linear variation of velocity with increase in concentration indicates the complex formation between the constituents of mixture. The results were interpreted as per the intermolecular interactions.

Comparação entre a eficácia da cimetidina e do sulfato de zinco no tratamento de verrugas múltiplas e recalcitrantes / Efficacy comparison between cimetidine and zinc sulphate in the treatment of multiple and recalcitrant warts

FUNDAMENTOS: Verrugas são proliferações epiteliais na pele e mucosas causadas por diversos tipos de HPV. Elas podem involuir espontaneamente ou aumentar em número e tamanho de acordo com estado imunitário do paciente. A cimetidina e o sulfato de zinco têm importante efeito no sistema imune, sendo usados como imunomoduladores no tratamento de diversas doenças. OBJETIVO:Comparar a eficácia terapêutica de cimetidina e sulfato de zinco no tratamento de verrugas cutâneas de difícil tratamento. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo duplo-cego randomizado. Dezoito pacientes com verrugas múltiplas foram divididos em dois grupos, um recebeu cimetidina 35mg/kg/dia (máximo 1.200mg/dia), e o outro, sulfato de zinco 10mg/kg/dia (máximo de 600mg/dia) por três meses. RESULTADOS: Dos 18 pacientes do estudo, nove receberam cimetidina, e nove, sulfato de zinco; apenas um do grupo do sulfato de zinco não completou o tratamento devido a náuseas e vômitos. Cura foi obtida em cinco pacientes tratados com sulfato de zinco, e apenas um não obteve alteração das lesões. Do grupo da cimetidina cinco não apresentaram modificação, e quatro apresentaram diminuição inferior a 30% das lesões iniciais. CONCLUSÕES: Sulfato de zinco na dose de 10mg/kg/dia parece ser mais efetivo que cimetidina para o tratamento de crianças e adultos com verrugas múltiplas e de difícil manejo. A pequena casuística deste trabalho não permite, entretanto, conclusão categórica.

Background: Warts are epithelial proliferations on the skin and mucous membrane caused by various types of HPV. They can decrease spontaneously or increase in number and size according to patient's immune status. Cimetidine and zinc sulphate have important effects on the immune system and are used as immunomodulators in the treatment of various diseases. Objective: To compare the efficacy of cimetidine and zinc sulphate in the treatment of multiple and recalcitrant warts. Methods: A random double-blind prospective study. Eighteen patients with multiple warts were divided into two groups: one took 35mg/Kg/day of cimetidine (maximum 1200 mg/day) and the other 10 mg/Kg/day of zinc sulphate (maximum 600 mg/day) for three months. Results: Among the 18 patients who participated in the study, nine took cimetidine and nine zinc sulphate. Just one patient in the zinc sulphate group did not complete treatment due to nausea and vomiting. Five patients who were treated with zinc sulphate were cured and only one did not show modifications in lesions. Among the group who was treated with cimetidine, five did not show modifications in lesions and four showed decrease from baseline below 30%. Conclusions: 10 mg/Kg/day zinc sulphate dose seems to be more effective than cimetidine for the treatment of children and adults with multiple and difficult-to-handle warts. However, the small number of patients did not enable any definitive conclusion.